ISRO and Chandrayaan Achivements

 

ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) has achieved numerous milestones, particularly with its Chandrayaan missions, which have significantly contributed to lunar exploration. Here's a summary of key achievements:

Chandrayaan Missions

1. Chandrayaan-1 (2008):
• Objective: India's first lunar mission aimed to explore the Moon's surface and gather data on its mineral composition.
• Key Achievements:
• Discovered water molecules on the lunar surface, a landmark finding that changed the understanding of the Moon's environment.
• Provided high-resolution spectral data of the lunar surface.
• Launched the Moon Impact Probe, which impacted near the lunar south pole.
2. Chandrayaan-2 (2019):
• Objective: A more complex mission than Chandrayaan-1, including an orbiter, lander (Vikram), and rover (Pragyan).
• Key Achievements:
• Although the Vikram lander lost communication during its descent, the orbiter continues to function and sends valuable data.
• Provided insights into the presence of water ice in the Moon's permanently shadowed regions.
• Enhanced understanding of the Moon's exosphere and mapping of lunar surface features.
3. Chandrayaan-3 Missions (2024):
• Objective: A follow-up mission to Chandrayaan-2, aimed to demonstrate safe landing and rover mobility on the Moon.
• Key Achievements:
• Successfully soft-landed near the Moon's south pole on July 14, 2024.
• The mission focused on achieving a precise landing and operationalizing the rover, paving the way for future lunar missions​.

Other ISRO Achievements

• Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan, 2013): India became the first country to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt, providing significant data on Mars' atmosphere and surface.
• Gaganyaan Project: India's upcoming human spaceflight mission, aiming to send Indian astronauts into space by 2025​.
• Aditya-L1 Mission: A solar observation mission to study the Sun, scheduled to be positioned at the Lagrange Point-1, providing uninterrupted observations of solar activities​ ​.
• NISAR Satellite: A collaboration with NASA to study climate change, representing one of the most sophisticated Earth observation satellites​.

These achievements highlight ISRO's capabilities and growing contributions to space exploration, emphasizing its role in scientific research and technological innovation.